Although child poverty rates have fallen by half in the past 50 years, 13% of U.S. children (9.7 million in all) live in families with incomes below the poverty line. Drawing from a recently released National Academy report on child poverty, I briefly summarize causal evidence on the consequences of poverty for children’s development as well as research on the impacts of anti-poverty programs such as food stamps and the Earned Income Tax Credit on development. I then review poverty reduction and employment changes for a variety of policy approaches to reducing child poverty by half in the next ten years.